Aspect ratio effect on natural convection in water near its density maximum temperature

The effect of the aspect ratio on natural convection in water subjected to density inversion has been investigated in this study. Numerical simulations of the two-dimensional, steady state, incompressible flow in a rectangular enclosure with a variety of aspect ratios, ranging from 0.125 to 100, have been accomplished using a finite element model. Computations cover Rayleigh numbers from 10³ to 10⁶. Results reveal that the aspect ratio, A, the Rayleigh number, Ra, and the density distribution parameter, R, are the key parameters to determine the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for density inversion fluids in an enclosure. A new correlation for predicting the maximum mean Nusselt number is proposed in the form of , with the constants a and b depending on density distribution number R. It is demonstrated that the aspect ratio has a strong impact on flow patterns and temperature distributions in rectangular enclosures. The stream function ratio Ψ_inv/|Ψ_reg| is introduced to describe quantitatively the interaction between inversional and regular convection. For R=0.33, the density inversion enhancement is observed in the regime near A=3.     

土-结构相互作用体系合成模态阻尼比的振动台模型试验研究

本文籍振动台模型试验。研究了SSI体系的合成模态阻尼比问题。文中首先阐明了在SSI体系直接动力分析中应采用合成模态阻尼比的观点。研究了合成模态阻尼纟的实测确定方法。并在不同工况下，通过对模型不同部位测点的传递函数，基本频率，基本合成模态阻尼比等实测数据考虑，验证了SSI体系合成模态的存在性，合成模态阻尼比与相同应变下不考虑相互作用的单纯地基土体或刚性地基结构阻尼比的差异性及其在递增动力作用下的变化规律。     

碎石桩复合地基若干问题的理论分析

由桩-土侧向变形及竖向变形协调条件，基于弹性理论导出了桩及桩周土的应力-应变关系、桩体材料屈服时桩-土应力比的计算式．推出了桩周土处于极限平衡状态下，碎石桩极限承载力计算式．指出了用碎石桩加固软土地基效果比较明显．但用碎石桩来加固土的变形模量大于8MPa的地基，加固效果十分有限．最后，通过工程实例，将计算结果与实验结果作了对比．     

Analysis of blank thickening in deep drawing processes using the theory of a Cosserat generalized membrane

This paper analyzes a transient, nonlinear deep drawing process where a circular blank of a rigid-plastic material is forced by a rigid circular punch to deform into a cylindrical cup. Attention is focused on the plastic flow beneath the blank-holder. Using the Cosserat theory of a generalized membrane it is possible to obtain analytical solutions which examine the following two major effects: (a) the importance of added “rim pressure” acting on the outer edge of the blank; and (b) the importance of a controlled moveable blank-holder to allow blank thickening during the drawing process. Guided by these analytical results, a new deep drawing machine was built to exploit these effects and increase the limit drawing ratio (LDR) of the drawing process. Specifically, the LDR (in one stroke) reached the value of 3.16 compared with the value of about 2.0 in the conventional process. Moreover, the analytical prediction of the punch force versus the punch stroke is in good agreement with the experimental data and with simulations using the computer code DYTRAN.     

不同边界条件正交各向异性中厚板的振动与稳定分析

本文采用高阶剪切变形理论对正交各向异性中厚矩形板进行振动与稳定分析,数值计算采用样条有限点法,得出了六种不同边界条件矩形板的自振频率和屈曲载荷,并与相应的经典板理论的结果进行比较.结果说明横向剪切变形对复合材料层合板的影响与板的各向异性程度、板的宽厚比(b/h)、层合板的层数和板的支承条件有关,它随着层合板各向异性程度的增加而增加,随着层合板宽厚比的增加而逐渐消失.     

A critical review of dispersion in packed beds

The phenomenon of dispersion (transverse and longitudinal) in packed beds is summarized and reviewed for a great deal of information from the literature. Dispersion plays an important part, for example, in contaminant transport in ground water flows, in miscible displacement of oil and gas and in reactant and product transport in packed bed reactors. There are several variables that must be considered, in the analysis of dispersion in packed beds, like the length of the packed column, viscosity and density of the fluid, ratio of column diameter to particle diameter, ratio of column length to particle diameter, particle size distribution, particle shape, effect of fluid velocity and effect of temperature (or Schmidt number). Empirical correlations are presented for the prediction of the dispersion coefficients (D _T and D _L) over the entire range of practical values of Sc and Pe_m, and works on transverse and longitudinal dispersion of non-Newtonian fluids in packed beds are also considered.     

液相色谱-同位素比质谱法同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇的δ13C值

采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱(LC-IRMS)技术建立了同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇δ13C值的分析方法。优化了葡萄酒中影响甘油和乙醇色谱分离的条件。方法的精密度和准确度分别为0.15‰~0.26‰和0.11‰~0.28‰。对40个葡萄酒样品进行了测定,甘油和乙醇的δ13 C值分别为-26.87‰~-32.96‰、-24.06‰~-28.29‰,两者具有较强的相关性(R=0.82)。该方法不需要复杂的样品预处理,在相同条件下同时测定甘油和乙醇的δ13C值,较传统方法简单、快速。     

碱液后处理对纳米ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸度的影响

采用XRD、N2物理吸附、NH3-TPD以及TEM、IR和NMR手段,系统研究了NaOH碱液后处理对低硅铝比纳米ZSM-5沸石(Si/Al摩尔比为14.5、晶粒度为20～50 nm)孔道和酸度的影响.结果表明,在碱液中,低硅铝比纳米ZSM-5沸石主要发生限域脱硅,而且低硅铝比纳米ZSM-5沸石的碱液脱硅难度大于高硅铝比沸石.但在适当的碱液处理条件下(碱硅比为0.19～0.35,温度为60～80℃,处理时间为2～5 h)可以在其晶体内产生大量介孔,增加比表面积和孔容;同时增加弱酸和中强酸的浓度,并提高L酸比例.L酸的大量增加主要是由于产生了裸露的骨架铝(≡Alδ+),这与文献的观点有所不同.     

Characterization of Chitosan/Alginate Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Protein Carrier

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the polymeric ratios on the characteristics of chitosan/alginate (ch/alg) self-assembled nanoparticles and their potential as protein delivery vehicle. The nanoparticles were prepared using proper mixing of polymers in presence or absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model. Three formulations of nanoparticles comprising ch/alg ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 were prepared. Size, shape and zeta potential of the formulations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanosizer instruments. FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) studies were performed to investigate polymer-polymer or polymer-protein interactions. Release profiles and entrapment efficiencies of the nanoparticles were determined by calorimetric technique using appropriate techniques. Entrapment efficiency was 70% for ch/alg ratio of 1:1, 65% for 1:2, and 60% for 2:1. The z-average size of the nanoparticles were 403, 205, and 318 nm for ch/alg ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively. Average zeta potentials were ?47, +15, ?25 mV for 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 as well. Considering the favorable features required for protein delivery systems, ch/alg (1:1) due to its smallest size, highest loading, and most homogenous shape was regarded as the best ratio.